Document Search
Codebook
Dataset variables description
| VARIABLE | MODALITY AND CODING INSTRUCTIONS | NOTES |
|---|---|---|
| Identifier | Unique identification number | |
| Name | Official name of the document; usually the English language title of a document unless no title in English can be found | |
| Proponent | Name(s) of the author(s) of the document | |
| Constitutional Language |
The variable indicates if the document adopts the traditional jargon of constitutional texts, i.e. articulating contents in terms of rights, principles and duties. Expressions of traditional jargon are for example: - the use of plural pronouns e.g. ‘we’ - the use of plural categories e.g. citizens - the use of ‘legalese’ such as formal expressions - an introduction called ‘preamble’ - the use of modal verbs (e.g. must, shall) or present tense Values: yes, no, not defined |
|
| Individual or collective |
The variable indicates if the document has been drafted by an individual person or a collective entity (a group of people, an organization or a group of organizations) Values: individual, collective |
|
| Comprehensive/specific |
The variable indicates if the document deals with a single issue or more than one issue Values: specific (if the document deals with a single issue), comprehensive (if the document deals with more than one issue), not defined |
|
| Proponent Type |
The type of actor that drafted the document. “Multistakeholder” if more than one group significantly represented. Values: academic, civil society, government, intergovernmental, multistakeholder, parliament, political party, private, technical community |
|
| Proponent Location |
The legal residence(s) or legal head office(s) of the proponent(s). World region name if from several countries within that region, “global” if from several countries across at least two regions. Values: country name, region (e.g. “Europe”), global, unknown |
|
| Document Type |
The variable classifies the document based on the following criteria: legal status of the author, bindingness of the document, and prescriptive intent Values: advocacy statement, official recommendation, official statement, ordinary law, private company policy, other |
|
| Bindingness |
The variable indicates if the document is provided with legal and coercive Values: binding, not binding |
|
| Scope |
The geographical area(s) to which the document is applicable as intended by the proponent(s). If none is specified or can be deducted, it is considered a “universal” declaration coded as “global”. Values: local, national, bi-national, regional, global |
|
| Drafting Process |
The variable indicates the process through which the document has been drafted. If the document has been drafted resorting to different drafting processes (e.g. first authorial and then open to comment and consultation), the more participatory modality is reported Values: authorial (usual way for author type), crowdsourced (drafting was open to the public), multistakeholder (drafted by a network of heterogeneous actors), networking (drafted by a network of homogenous actors), not defined |
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| Initial release | The year that the first version of the document has been published. | |
| Most Recent Version | The year of the version of the document that was published most recently. | |
| Content Governance |
The variable "Content Governance" indicates if the document deals with content governance or content moderation issue, meaning that decisions about users' contents by an Internet Service Provider (ISP) or a platform or a government. Values:
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| Link | The URL that the coded document was located at | |
| Multistakeholder and participatory governance | The variable indicates whether the document calls for multistakeholder ownership over the Internet, Internet policies that take people's ideas into account, and giving individuals a right to participate in Internet governance. Include location(s) where found in the document | |
| Accountability/Responsibility | The variable indicates whether there is any mention in the document of an individual, group, or government to be accountable or responsible for behaving a certain way online or for upholding these rights. This does not necessarily have to specify how accountability would work (courts, etc.). Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| No geo-fencing | The variable indicates whether there is any mention in the document that services and access to information should not be dependent on the location of the user. Include location(s) where found in the document.. | |
| Transparency and openness | The variable indicates whether the document calls for transparency or openness of infrastructure and governance. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Open data | The variable indicates whether the document calls for citizens to be able to access any data that is government-owned or funded by taxpayers or anything that is generally flagged as “open data”. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Right to participation | The variable indicates whether the document calls for citizens to have a right to “participate” (beyond access) in Internet activities. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Digital inclusion (incl. age and disability, diversity) | The variable indicates whether the document calls for a positive right to be included on the Internet (opposite to non-discrimination), without distinguishing based on disability status, age groups, gender or other demographic factors. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Right to access the internet | The variable indicates whether the document maintains that everyone has a right to Internet access. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Speed and affordability | The variable indicates whether the document maintains that the Internet should be quick and affordable for everyone. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Access and skills in the workplace | Includes rights - access and skills - that explicitly include references to work/the workplace. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| User awareness and education | The variable indicates whether the document maintains that users must be actively informed of their rights and terms of service. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Media and digital literacy | The variable indicates whether the document maintains that users have a right to media and digital literacy or whether actors - state or private - have a duty to improve people’s media and digital literacy. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Security of the network | The variable indicates whether the document includes the principles of secure infrastructure and freedom from cyberattack. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Net neutrality | The variable indicates whether the document includes the principles that no sites or devices are allowed to be served faster than others, or slowed to the point of being difficult to use. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Open standards | The variable indicates whether the document promotes open technical standards. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Interoperability and non-fragmentation | The variable indicates whether the document calls for technical interoperability or non-fragmentation of the Internet. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Stability and reliability | The variable indicates whether the document maintains that users have a right to a stable and reliable Internet connection. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Free and open source software | The variable indicates whether the document maintains that software tought to be free (as in free software) and open-source. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Device Rights | The variable indicates whether the document calls for users having a right to maintain control over how to use the technical devices they possess, or the right to use their specific device. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Freedom of expression | The variable indicates whether the document maintains that users must have the right to express themselves freely online. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Freedom of (religious) belief | The variable indicates whether the document maintains that users must have a right to freely express (religious) belief online. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Freedom of information (also: access to information, right to information) | The variable indicates whether the document maintains that users must have a right to access any information they would like. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Freedom of association/assembly | The variable indicates whether the document maintains that users must have a right to be part of any online group or community they want, and associate freely with others. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Democracy and the rule of law | The variable indicates whether the document maintains that laws ought to be followed online in an equitable way, including countries’ laws and rules of an online service. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Right to due process | The variable indicates whether the document maintains that citizens' legal rights must be respected on the Internet. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Right to legal remedies | The variable indicates whether the document maintains that citizens have a right to pursue a legal route to realize their rights and interests, and laws to be enforced (including right to fair trial). Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Right to personal security and dignity | The variable indicates whether the document maintains that users must have a right to their dignity and individual safety being upheld on the Internet. | |
| Protection of children | The variable indicates whether the document argues that children need special protection on the Internet. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Non-discrimination | The variable indicates whether the document includes any normative statement of non-discrimination, no matter if general or specific to a target group. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Cultural and linguistic diversity | The variable indicates whether the document maintains that linguistic and cultural diversity must be promoted with regard to digital technologies. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Privacy rights (generalized) | The variable indicates whether the document includes any statement related to the protection of people’s privacy. Include location(s) where found in the document | |
| Data protection | The variable indicates whether the document maintains that users must have a right to the protection of their personal data. This includes a right against search and seizure of data. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Control and self-determination (individual level) | The variable indicates whether the document maintains that users must have the right to choose what is done with their data, including who to share it with and when. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Right to anonymity | The variable indicates whether the document maintains that users must have a right to remain anonymous online. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Protection from surveillance | The variable indicates whether the document maintains that users must have a right to be protected from digital surveillance of all types, be it from governments or corporations. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Right to encryption | The variable indicates whether the document maintains that users must have a right to encrypt any data they would like. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Right to be forgotten | The variable indicates whether the document maintains that users must have a right to delete their accounts, remove any information about themselves and get a fresh start online. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Innovation | The variable indicates whether the document demands measures to encourage innovation in technology and ideas. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Competition | The variable indicates whether the document promotes the free market, and supports the idea that competition should be fair. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Economic development | The variable indicates whether the document demands measures to promote economic development. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Intellectual Property | The variable indicates whether the document maintains that users must have control over their intellectual property, that intellectual property needs to be protected in general. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Intermediary liability | The variable indicates whether the document maintains that those who cause harm must be held responsible, not third parties or hosting platforms. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Corporate responsibility | The variable indicates whether the document maintains that corporations must have a responsibility to provide services that abide by the rules according to their corporate (social) responsibility guidelines (as compared to legal mandates). Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Consumer protection | The variable indicates whether the document maintains that users must have a right to be protected consumer protection rules and frameworks, or if there is a consumer protection framing in the document in general. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Human rights | The variable indicates whether the document includes any mention of the protection of human rights or the UDHR. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Environmental stability | The variable indicates whether the document maintains that the Internet and digital technologies ought to be environmentally sustainable (e.g., to avoid e-waste and electricity use, greenhouse gas emissions). Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Minimal data collection | The variable indicates whether the document maintains that corporations and governments have a responsibility to collect as little user data as possible. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Right to be offline | The variable indicates whether the document maintains that users have a right to choose not to use digital services, i.e. have a right to unplug. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Freedom from hate speech | The variable indicates whether the document maintains that users must have a right to be protected from online attacks due to being part of a protected category like race, ethnicity, language, etc. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Freedom from attacks on reputation | The variable indicates whether the document maintains that users must have a right to not have their reputation attacked on the Internet. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Non-discrimination of women | The variable indicates whether the document maintains that women must have a right not to be discriminated against based on their gender. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Fairness and non-discrimination of algorithms | The variable indicates whether the document maintains that AI (decision) systems must follow ethical principles and practices aimed at ensuring that algorithms operate in a manner that is impartial and does not produce biased outcomes against any individual or group based on characteristics like race, gender, age, or socioeconomic status. | |
| Transparency and explainability of algorithms | The variable indicates whether the document maintains that decisions made by AI must be understandable and its decisions must be transparent. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Human control of technology | The variable indicates whether the document maintains that a person must be responsible for the decisions taken by AI or similar technology, and/or that a person must have the final say for an AI decision. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Promotion of (human) values | The variable indicates whether the document maintains that those involved with setting up AI systems should prioritize human rights and human values. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| Algorithmic accountability | The variable indicates whether the document maintains that there must be a system in place for a company/human to be accountable for the actions and decisions of an AI system. Include location(s) where found in the document. | |
| AI Focus |
Does the document include a section on or a significant mention of artificial intelligence (AI)? Values: yes, no |
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| Coded version |
The year of the version of the document that was included in this database |
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| Languages available | The languages that the document is available in |